Graphite is a version of carbon, that is silvery black in colour. Graphite is among the predominant materials used as solid lubricant. The lamellar structure of graphite (the tendency to flake), in the form of dry powder, makes it ideal to decrease friction. Graphite can also serve as a liquid based lubricant. The lubrication film gives resistance to damage and also seizure resistance.
Being a dry lubricant, the powdered graphite reacts with vapour and the molecular bonding does not occur, leaving it dry and slippery. However, it does not bond well with the surface and therefore keeps falling off, increasing the need to be applied often. Solid graphite lubricant is tolerant to temperatures of about 900 degree F. Higher temperatures than this leads to oxidation of graphite.
The liquid graphite lubricant is of various kinds. The graphite grease is produced to stick to the surface, where the grease will prevent the graphite from falling off the work surface. Another mixture of graphite lubricants with liquid base is such that the liquid will evaporate when the mixture is painted on the surface, leaving the graphite to work to reduce friction.
As a dry lubricant, graphite could be utilised in some situations where wet lubricants may contribute to hazard as in electrical fittings or when lubricating substances such as wood. Moreover, graphite grease can tolerate more heat than natural grease or any other lubricants.
Graphite could be used as an additive in lubricating oil to raise the thermal tolerance. They're also used as components of polymer based composite anti-friction coatings and form the second phase particles of metal based compound anti-friction coatings. They are used as molds for continuous casting and solid lubricant in metal forming.
Graphite is also utilised in continuous casting molds. The molds are forged from iso-statically pressed graphite. The low friction among the mold surface and solidifying metal guarantees smooth extraction of the casting. The crystal structure of graphite provides low friction without the requirement of additional lubrication.
Graphite is known as natural and synthetic. Organic graphite comes from mining. The purified graphite is consists of carbon, sulfur, SiO2 and Ash. The crystallizing quality of graphite is determined by the higher content of carbon, and better the lubricity and resistance to oxidation. Synthetic graphite is sintered from high temperature and has extremely high carbon content of up to 99.5-99.9%, and is therefore very good as a lubricant.
While the traditional auto oils can not withstand the high temps, graphite can serve as lubricants in automotive engines which reach temperatures as high as 1,250 degree F. The commercially available
graphite lubricant is a colloidal dispersion of billions and billions of microscopic particles of graphite. When this is added to the crankcase of an engine, it works with the motor oil to decrease friction. It also penetrates efficiently into parts where oil can not reach, keeps oil from thickening, improves compression and helps energy consumption and fuel economy.
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